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7.5
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-35432
CISA Thorium does not rate limit account verification email messages
Description

CISA Thorium does not rate limit requests to send account verification email messages. A remote unauthenticated attacker can send unlimited messages to a user who is pending verification. Fixed in 1.1.1 by adding a rate limit set by default to 10 minutes.

INFO

Published Date :

Sept. 17, 2025, 5:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Sept. 23, 2025, 3:44 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-35432 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Cisa thorium
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725
CVSS 3.1 HIGH [email protected]
CVSS 4.0 MEDIUM 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725
Solution
Apply updates to address unauthenticated request rate limiting for verification emails.
  • Update the application to version 1.1.1 or later.
  • Configure the rate limit for verification email requests.
  • Monitor email sending logs for abuse.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-35432.

URL Resource
https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/commit/7c94a0b9bc2dc55e0c307360452f348bac06820c#diff-bf9baa11b76cd169902a976bd17a5a6ee95a4098b2d3d150ba7d8f85b7e21dc9R281-R334 Patch
https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/releases/tag/1.1.1 Release Notes
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-259-01.json Vendor Advisory
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35432 Third Party Advisory
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-35432 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-35432 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-35432 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-35432 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Sep. 23, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:cisa:thorium:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Added Reference Type Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) U.S. Civilian Government: https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/commit/7c94a0b9bc2dc55e0c307360452f348bac06820c#diff-bf9baa11b76cd169902a976bd17a5a6ee95a4098b2d3d150ba7d8f85b7e21dc9R281-R334 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) U.S. Civilian Government: https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/releases/tag/1.1.1 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) U.S. Civilian Government: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-259-01.json Types: Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) U.S. Civilian Government: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35432 Types: Third Party Advisory
  • New CVE Received by 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725

    Sep. 17, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description CISA Thorium does not rate limit requests to send account verification email messages. A remote unauthenticated attacker can send unlimited messages to a user who is pending verification. Fixed in 1.1.1 by adding a rate limit set by default to 10 minutes.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
    Added CWE CWE-400
    Added Reference https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/commit/7c94a0b9bc2dc55e0c307360452f348bac06820c#diff-bf9baa11b76cd169902a976bd17a5a6ee95a4098b2d3d150ba7d8f85b7e21dc9R281-R334
    Added Reference https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/releases/tag/1.1.1
    Added Reference https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-259-01.json
    Added Reference https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35432
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 6.9
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Attack Requirements
Privileges Required
User Interaction
VS Confidentiality
VS Integrity
VS Availability
SS Confidentiality
SS Integrity
SS Availability
Base CVSS Score: 7.5
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact